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Return of el Niño yields near normal 2006 Atlantic hurricane season |
| TheAllINeed.com |
(NC&T/NOAA) The 2006 Atlantic hurricane season produced near-normal activity with a total of nine named storms, including five hurricanes, two of which became major hurricanes of category 3 strength or higher. An average Atlantic hurricane season has 11 named storms, with six becoming hurricanes and two becoming major hurricanes. Unlike the past three seasons, the stronger hurricanes stayed well out at sea, sparing the Americas and the Caribbean islands from major hurricane damage this season.
"The development of El Niño conditions by September helps explain why this Atlantic hurricane season was less active than predicted," said Dr. Gerry Bell, NOAA's lead forecaster on the Atlantic hurricane seasonal outlook team. "El Niño developed quickly and the atmosphere responded rapidly, reducing hurricane activity during an otherwise active era that began in 1995."
El Niño, combined with the large-scale weather patterns over the southeastern U.S., produced sinking air in the middle and upper atmosphere, along with higher than anticipated wind shear (the change in winds through the atmosphere) over the Atlantic Ocean, Gulf of Mexico, and Caribbean Sea. These conditions minimized thunderstorm activity, which inhibited tropical storm and hurricane formation.
Analysis by NOAA scientists has linked El Niño's rapid development and intensification to a series of large subsurface ocean waves that affect ocean temperatures – which began in June. These waves produced a progressive warming of the tropical Pacific Ocean during the summer months. A particularly strong wave led to a significant warming of the entire eastern half of the equatorial Pacific in early September. This led NOAA in early September to report that an El Niño had developed. These warmer waters produced enhanced rainfall near the international date line, resulting in suppressed hurricane activity.
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"Getting a quick handle on El Niño events which rapidly intensify is essential for predicting seasonal hurricane activity," said Bell. "The last time we had a rapidly developing El Niño was during the 2002 hurricane season, which also led to near-normal activity. NOAA continues to develop and improve climate models to better predict the onset of El Niño, its impacts on weather patterns in the United States and its effects on Atlantic hurricane activity."
To detect and monitor the formation, duration and strength of El Niño, NOAA established the ENSO Observing System in 1994. Today's operational system is based on work done by the Pacific Marine Environmental Laboratory, which is a branch of NOAA Research. The ENSO Observing system is an example of NOAA research activities being translated into operational forecast products. NOAA's operational ENSO observing system includes the TAO/TRITON array of moored buoys and the Argo drift buoys, that observe ocean patterns in conjunction with NOAA's polar orbiting satellites. The satellites, in combination with the TOGA TAO operational array, are critical for allowing NOAA to monitor, assess, and predict El Niño events. The data from the ocean observing system provides substantial benefit to both NOAA's research and operational forecasts of climate patterns that can strongly affect weather across the nation.
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